Hormuz Oil Flows Recover While Four Tankers Are Hit in Two Days

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Oil exports through and around the Strait of Hormuz have recovered sharply even as the security environment deteriorates again. Three Liberian-flagged tankers, Al Ruwais, Mersin Prosperity and Sinbad, were struck by unknown projectiles while transiting Hormuz on September 29, according to maritime intelligence service Marisks. The attacks followed a September 28 strike on Kuwaiti VLCC Al Funtas, which caused an onboard fire that was later extinguished with its crew reported safe. All four vessels were operating with AIS switched off or were reported through delayed security channels, underscoring how much current Hormuz traffic now takes place outside normal public tracking. At the same time, Kpler says non-Iranian Middle East Gulf crude exports reached at least 16.5 million barrels per day in September, matching the pre-war average, even though only about 60% of those barrels physically crossed Hormuz.

Hormuz Situation Report · October 1, 2026

The Oil Is Coming Back. Normal Shipping Is Not.

Gulf producers have rebuilt export volumes through dark transits, shuttle tankers, pipelines and terminals outside Hormuz just as a new series of projectile strikes demonstrates that the physical waterway remains a high-risk operating environment.

Non-Iranian Gulf Crude Exports 16.5M b/d
Kpler says September exports matched the pre-war average excluding Iran.
Tankers Struck · Sep. 28–29 4
One Kuwaiti VLCC was hit Monday, followed by three Liberian-flagged tankers Tuesday.
Physically Crossed Hormuz 9.9M b/d
Approximately 60% of September non-Iranian regional crude exports.
Bypassed Hormuz 40%
Up dramatically from roughly 17% before the war.
Gulf of Oman Exit 23%
Mostly UAE-linked crude loaded outside the strait around Fujairah.
Red Sea Exit 17%
Primarily Saudi crude leaving through the Yanbu export system.
September Saudi Hormuz Flow 2.8M b/d
Confirmed Saudi crude crossings rose from about 0.7M b/d in August.
Hormuz Is No Longer One Shipping Route
60% Through the Strait
Crude physically crosses Hormuz, often with AIS switched off and frequently using shuttle tankers rather than normal end-to-end voyages.
23% Gulf of Oman Coast
Pipelines move crude to terminals outside Hormuz, particularly Fujairah, avoiding the strait entirely.
17% Red Sea
Saudi Arabia's East-West Pipeline and Yanbu route provide another outlet that avoids Hormuz.
Security · Crude · LNG · STS · Yanbu · Fujairah

Hormuz Operating Board · October 1

Export volumes are recovering across the region, but vessel safety, transparency, tanker productivity and normal commercial routing remain impaired.

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Signal Latest Position What Changed Shipping Mechanism Current Constraint Next Confirmation Point
Strait Security 4 RECENT STRIKES Sep. 28–29 Al Funtas was struck September 28. Al Ruwais, Mersin Prosperity and Sinbad were hit the following day. At least several of the vessels were conducting dark transits with AIS disabled. Source, weapon type and responsibility for the latest attacks have not been publicly established. Additional attacks on dark-transit or shuttle tankers would indicate that AIS suppression alone is providing limited protection.
Non-Iranian Crude Exports VOLUME RECOVERED 16.5M b/d Kpler says September matched the pre-war average excluding Iran. The volume now leaves through three systems rather than relying overwhelmingly on Hormuz. Iran's roughly 1.7M-b/d pre-war exports remain largely absent under the U.S. blockade. Whether October can sustain the September rate without additional tanker or infrastructure disruption.
Dark / Shuttle Crossings CORE SYSTEM 70%+ Changed Ships In August, more than 70% of crude crossing Hormuz subsequently changed tankers offshore. VLCC shuttles cross the strait, transfer cargo near Fujairah or Sohar, then return for another load. Every transfer requires additional tanker time, tug support, crews and transfer slots. A rising share of direct India or China deliveries would reduce pressure on the shuttle network.
Qatar LNG VISIBLE MOVEMENT RETURNS Multiple Cargoes GasLog Skagen, Al Shamal, Mesaimeer, Al Ghashamiya, Al Samriya and Al Daayen have recently appeared outside the Gulf with Qatar-linked cargoes. Some vessels are again making visible passages after August produced no visible Qatar-linked LNG transits in Kpler data. Qatar still has no comparable pipeline export bypass for its LNG system. Consecutive loaded Ras Laffan departures would provide stronger evidence of sustained LNG normalization.
Saudi Yanbu BACK ONLINE ~2M b/d Loading Saudi Arabia resumed tanker loadings after restarting its East-West Pipeline. Petroline sends Saudi crude west to the Red Sea, avoiding Hormuz. Pipeline throughput remains below the estimated pre-attack rate and full repairs may take weeks. Kpler expects pipeline throughput to climb toward 3–4M b/d in the near term.
Fujairah Bunkering PARTIAL RECOVERY 4.5M bbl Stocks September residual fuel inventories rose from 3.9M barrels in August. Saudi, Russian and STS-linked cargoes have helped rebuild supply outside Hormuz. Inventories remain about half the roughly 9M-barrel pre-war average and VLSFO prompt supply remains tight. Additional October VLSFO cargoes are expected to improve availability.
U.S.-Iran Talks ACTIVE · NO DEAL Sequencing Dispute Iran received U.S. feedback through Qatari mediators on its seven-day trust-building proposal. The proposal includes reopening Hormuz and restoring normal maritime passage if agreed conditions are met. Reuters says disagreement currently centers on the sequencing of the steps. A signed arrangement specifying passage guarantees would represent a much stronger normalization signal than continued indirect talks.
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The Latest Attack Sequence
September 28 Al Funtas
Kuwaiti VLCC struck by an unknown projectile. Fire extinguished, crew reported safe and vessel continued underway.
September 29 Mersin Prosperity
ADNOC-managed VLCC previously involved in moving Iraqi Basrah crude through the Sohar STS network.
September 29 Al Ruwais
ADNOC-managed products tanker previously observed discharging diesel through an STS transfer off Sohar.
September 29 Sinbad
Aframax tanker that had loaded refined products at Saudi Arabia's Jubail industrial port earlier in September.
Ship Universe Hormuz Flow Tool

Hormuz Dependence & Shuttle Tanker Analyzer

Separate total regional crude exports from the barrels that actually cross Hormuz, then estimate how much of that traffic is being handled through shuttle and offshore transfer operations.

M b/d
%
%
%
%
Default uses Kpler's August observation that more than 70% changed tankers offshore.
M bbl
Crude Crossing Hormuz 9.9M Regional exports multiplied by the entered Hormuz share.
Crude Bypassing Hormuz 6.6M Gulf of Oman and Red Sea export routes combined.
Shuttle / STS-Handed Crude 6.93M Hormuz-crossing crude multiplied by the entered offshore-transfer share.
Direct Hormuz Flow 2.97M Estimated Hormuz volume not handled through the entered STS share.
Hormuz VLCC Equivalents / Day 5.0 Daily Hormuz crude divided by the entered VLCC cargo size.
Monthly Hormuz Barrels 297M Modeled Hormuz-crossing crude over a 30-day month.
Export Route Mix
Current Gulf exports are distributed across three separate outlet systems.
Hormuz
60%
Gulf of Oman
23%
Red Sea
17%
The Hidden Shipping System 6.93M b/d
Under the entered assumptions, this much crude crosses Hormuz and then changes tankers offshore. That explains how oil exports can recover even while conventional end-to-end tanker traffic remains distorted.
Model note: The default 16.5M-b/d regional figure and 60/23/17 route split come from Kpler's September analysis excluding Iran. The 70% offshore-transfer assumption is based on Kpler's August observation and is editable because the precise September share may differ. VLCC equivalents measure cargo volume, not unique vessels or voyage cycles.
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